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PFAS — Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

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PFAS Home Page
About ITRC
Navigating This Website
PFAS Fact Sheets
1 Introduction
2 Naming Conventions and Use
2 PFAS Chemistry and Naming Conventions, History and Use of PFAS, and Sources of PFAS Releases to the Environment overview
2.1 Environmental Significance
2.2 Chemistry, Terminology, and Acronyms
2.3 Emerging Health and Environmental Concerns
2.4 PFAS Reductions and Alternative PFAS Formulations
2.5 PFAS Uses and Products
2.6 PFAS Releases to the Environment
3 Firefighting Foams
3 Firefighting Foams Overview
3.1 Foam Formulations
3.2 AFFF Characteristics
3.3 Mechanisms for Release to the Environment
3.4 AFFF Fate and Transport
3.5 Forensic Analysis of AFFF
3.6 AFFF Procurement and Inventory
3.7 Foam Systems and Operations
3.8 Emergency Firefighting Operations
3.9 Immediate Investigative and Cleanup Actions
3.10 AFFF Disposal
3.11 Firefighting Foam System Replacement
3.12 Federal, State and International Regulations and Guidance
3.13 Foam Research and Development
4 Physical and Chemical Properties
4 Physical and Chemical Properties Overview
4.1 Challenges and Limitations Related to PFAS Physical and Chemical Properties
4.2 Physical Properties
4.3 Chemical Properties
5 Fate and Transport
5 Environmental Fate and Transport Processes Overview
5.1 Fate and Transport Introduction
5.2 Phase Partitioning
5.3 Media-Specific Migration Processes
5.4 Transformations
5.5 PFAS Uptake into Aquatic Organisms
5.6 PFAS Uptake into Plants
6 Occurrence
6 Media-Specific Occurrence Overview
6.1 Air
6.2 Soil, Sediment, and Biosolids
6.3 Groundwater
6.4 Surface Water
6.5 Biota
7 Health Effects
7 Human and Ecological Health Effects of select PFAS Overview
7.1 Human Health Effects
7.2 Ecological Toxicology
8 Basis of Regulations
8 Basis of Regulations Overview
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Regulatory Programs
8.3 Differences in the Available Regulations, Advisories, and Guidance Regulatory
9 Site Risk Assessment
9 Site Risk Assessment Overview
9.1 Human Health Risk Assessment
9.2 Ecological Risk Assessment
9.3 Uncertainty
10 Site Characterization
10 Site Characterization Overview
10.1 Site Characterization Issues Relevant to PFAS
10.2 Initial Steps
10.3 Site Investigation
10.4 Data Analysis and Interpretation
10.5 Forensics and Source Identification
11 Sampling and Analysis
11 Sampling and Analysis Overview
11.1 Sampling
11.2 Analytical Methods/Techniques
11.3 Data Evaluation
11.4 Source Identification
12 Treatment Technologies
12 Treatment Technologies Overview
12.1 Overview
12.2 Field-Implemented Liquids Treatment Technologies
12.3 Field-Implemented Solids Treatment Technologies
12.4 Incineration
12.5 Air Treatment Technologies
12.6 Limited Application and Developing Liquids Treatment Technologies
12.7 Limited Application and Developing Solids Treatment Technologies
12.8 Integrated Water Treatment Solutions
12.9 Sustainability of PFAS Treatment
12.10 Improving Evaluation of PFAS Treatment Technologies
13 Stakeholder Perspectives
13 Stakeholder Perspectives Overview
13.1 Stakeholder Concerns
13.2 Specific Tribal Stakeholder Concerns
13.3 Stakeholder Resources
14 Risk Communication
14 Risk Communication Overview
14.1 Role of Risk Perception: Public Stakeholders and Decision Makers
14.2 Risk Communication Challenges
14.3 Risk Communication Planning and Engagement Tools
15 Case Studies
15 Case Studies Overview
15.1 Site Characterization Case Studies
15.2 Treatment Case Studies
15.3 Risk Assessment Case Study
15.4 Risk Communication Case Studies
15.5 Surface Water Quality Case Studies
16 Surface Water Quality
16 Surface Water Quality
16.1    Introduction
16.2 Protection of Human Health
16.3 Protection of Biota
16.4 Sampling and Analysis
16.5 Surface Water Foam
16.6 Effluent Limits for PFAS
16.7 Surface Water/Groundwater Interaction
17 Additional Information
17 Additional Information Overview
17.1 Additional Information for Media-Specific Occurrence
17.2 Additional Information for Human Health Effects
17.3 Additional Information for Risk Assessment
References
Acronyms
Glossary
Acknowledgments
Team Contacts
Document Feedback

 

PFAS — Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
HOME

Acknowledgments

The members of the Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council (ITRC) PFAS Team wish to acknowledge and thank the individuals, organizations, and agencies that contributed to this online document that includes the PFAS Technical and Regulatory Guidance Document, PFAS Fact Sheets and Explainer Videos, Training Module Videos and external tables of data and information prepared by the ITRC PFAS Team.

The PFAS Team was led by: Bob Mueller, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (2017 – 2021); Ginny Yingling, Minnesota Department of Health (2017 – 2020); Kate Emma Schlosser, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (2020 – 2022); Sandra Goodrow, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (2020 – present); and Kristi Herzer, Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation (2022 – present).

The team leaders were assisted by Program Advisors: Lesley Hay Wilson and Jim Rocco of Sage Risk Solutions LLC. In addition, Josh Criss of GDIT provided video support for the training video modules. Tadbir Singh, ITRC/ECOS Project Associate; Evan Madden, ITRC Project Manager; and Marguerite Bennett, ITRC Project Associate provided support to the team.

During the development and updating of the fact sheets, technical and regulatory guidance document, external tables and training videos the team received many comments and reviews from experts across U.S. EPA, U.S. DOD, U.S. DOE, state agencies, academic institutions, industry, and consulting. This input was invaluable to the development of these ITRC products. The team greatly appreciates those who offered advice, suggestions, reviews and comments.

Specifically, the team wishes to thank and recognize the efforts and important contributions of the team members.

 

State and Local Government


John Abernathy
South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control

Daniel Arthur
Alabama Department of Environmental Management

Heather Barbare
Colorado Springs Utilities

Sara Benovic
Arizona Department of Environmental Quality

Jeff Biggs
City of Tucson Water Department

Rachel Blomberg
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment

Robyne Bridgman
Virginia Dept. of Environmental Quality

Christine P. Brown
California Department of Toxic Substances Control

Robert Burgess
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation

Sandeep Burman
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

Bonnie Buthker
Ohio EPA/ASTSWMO

Sandra Caldwell
Washington Department of Ecology

Jill Clark
Georgia Environmental Protection Division

Jessika Cohen
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality

Hoa Dao
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

Robert Delaney
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

Amy Doherty
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services

Mark Elliott
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

Chris Evans
Maine Department of Environmental Protection

Cheryl Fields
Connecticut Department of Public Health

Kimberly Gettmann
California USEPA/Department of Toxic Substances Control

Paul Giannoukos
Delaware Natural Resources and Environmental Control

Helen Goeden
Minnesota Department of Health

Sandra Goodrow
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection

Stephanie Gordon
Delaware Natural Resources and Environmental Control

Rick Greiner
New Mexico Environment Department

Kristi Herzer
Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation

Rebecca Higgins
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

Fabio Iwashita
New York Department of Environmental Conservation

Samuel Iwenofu
Washington State Department of Ecology

Ricardo Jaimes
DOEE Government of the District of Columbia

Walsta Jean-Baptiste
Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Yujie Jin
California Department of Toxic Substances Engineering

Jason Johnson
New York Department of Environmental Conservation

Mimi (Melanie) Johnson
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Michael Jury
Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy

Julie Kadrie
Minnesota Department of Health

Sesha Kallakuri
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services

Brandon Kernen
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services

Annalisa Kihara
California State Water Resources Control Board

Anne Knapp
Washington State Department of Ecology

Lisa Kowalczyk
Arizona Department of Environmental Quality

Gary Krueger
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

Meghan Lally
Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Gladys Liehr
Florida Department of Health

Gail Lipfert
Maine Department of Environmental Protection

Tim Lockrem
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

Kevin Lund
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

Ron MacGillivray
Delaware River Basin Commission

Evan Madden 
ITRC/ECOS

Kerri Malinowski
Maine Department of Environmental Protection

Craig Manahan
Washington State Department of Ecology

Vivek Mathrani
California Department of Toxic Substances Control

Lawrence Matson
Delaware Natural Resources and Environmental Control

Justin Meredith
Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation- Division of Remediation

Sandra Mort
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality

Matt Narter
Arizona Department of Environmental Quality

Steve Nelson
City of Austin, Texas

Cherrie Nelson
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality

Mary Helen Niemann
Texas RR Commission

Marjorie Norman
City of San Antonio

Christine Osborne
Utah Department of Environmental Quality

Sara Pearson
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

Michael Penzone
Delaware Natural Resources and Environmental Control

Jonathan Petali
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services

Kerry Pflugh
New Jersey Conference of Mayors

Mallory Pinkowski
Delaware Natural Resources and Environmental Control

Shannon Pociu
Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection

Gloria Post
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection

Ron Poustchi
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection

Angela Preimesberger
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

Matthew Revel
Alabama Department of Environmental Management

Charles Reyes
ITRC/ECOS

Kristy Richardson
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment

Louise Roy
Maine Department of Environmental Protection

Patrik Sartz
Alaska Dept of Environmental Conservation

Paul Schleusener
Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy

Kate Emma Schlosser
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services

Chuck Schwer
Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation

Shukla Roy-Semmen
California Department of Toxic Substances Control

Michael Sexton
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality

Monica Sheets
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment

Kathryn Shepard Morris
Montana Department of Environmental Quality

Clifford Shierk
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

Cheryl Sinclair
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

Tadbir Singh
ITRC/ECOS

Leah Smith
Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Matt Smith
Orange County Sanitation District

Sandra Snyder
South Caroline Department of Health and Environmental Control

Richard Spiese
Vermont Waste Management Division

Brie Sterling
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

Kara Steward
Washington State Department of Ecology

Christina Stringer
New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission

Brock Tabor
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation

Joy Taylor Morgan
Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy

Tom Trainor
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Lanita Walker
City of Tallahassee

Thomas Wallace
Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality

Jamie Wallerstedt
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

Li Wang
California Department of Toxic Substances Control

Jeff Wenzel
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services

Tracie White
Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment

Ken Zarker
Washington State Department of Ecology Pollution Prevention & Regulatory Assistance Section

 

Federal Government


Hunter Anderson
US DOD AFCEC

Jennifer Apell
US Army Corps of Engineers

Timothy Appleman
US DOD NAVFAC EXW

David Asiello
US DOD Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Sustainment)

Caroline Baier-Anderson
USEPA/OLEM/FFRRO

Paul Beam
US DOE HQ EM 4.12, Groundwater and Soil Remediation

Sandip Chattopadhyay
USEPA/ORD

Mary Cooke
USEPA/FFRRO

Jed Costanza
USEPA OSTRI/TIFSD

Anthony Danko
US DOD NAVFAC EXWC

Ramona Darlington Iery
US DOD NAVFAC EXWC

Jeffrey Dvorak
US Army Corps of Engineers

Emily Fabricatore
US DOE Environmental Management

Linda Fiedler
USEPA OSRTI

Melissa Forrest
US DOD NMCPHC

Elisabeth Freed
USEPA

Christopher Griggs
US Army Engineer Research and Development Center

Pamela Hamlett
US Air Force

Paul Hatzinger
SERDP-ESTCP

Levi Haupert
USEPA

Hannah Holsinger
USEPA

Thomas Imbrigiotta
USGS (retired)

Christopher Impellitteri
USEPA ORD

David Katz
USEPA Atlantic Ecology Division

Patsy Kerr
US DOD NMCPHC

John Kornuc
US DOD NAVFAC EXWC

Andrea Lehn
US DOD SAF/IE

Kendra Leibman
US DOD Navy

David Liu
NASA

Cornell Long
US Air Force

Michelle Lordemann
US Army Corps of Engineers

Yvette Lowney
SERDP-ESTCP

Virginia Makale
US DOD Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Southwest

Andy Martin
US Army Engineer Research and Development Center

Lisa Matthews
USEPA Office of Research and Development

Anita Meyer
US Army Corps of Engineers

Beth Moore
US DOE EM-4.31, Office of Regulatory Compliance

Deborah Morefield
US DOD Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Environment)

Gary Newhart
USEPA-ERT

T. Nicole Nieves
US Army Corps of Engineers

Bonnie Packer
US DOD ARNG

Cara Patton
SERDP-ESTCP

Ron Pinkoski
US Coast Guard

Jessica Reiner
NIST

Ann Richard
USEPA

Amy Rosenstein
US Army Corps of Engineers

Mark Rothas
US Army Corps of Engineers

Andrea Sansom
US Army Corps of Engineers

James Smith
US DOD NMCPHC

Sharon Stone
US DOD AFCEC/CZO

Hans Stroo
SERDP-ESTCP (retired)

James Tarr
US DOD NAVFAC

Wendy Thomi
USEPA Office of Land and Emergency Management

Hilary Thornton
USEPA R4 Superfund

Janice Willey
US DOD NAVSEA

Christopher Zevitas
US Department of Transportation

 

Emeritus, Public and Tribal Stakeholders


Richard Aho
retired

Doris Cellarius
Sierra Club

Edward (Ted) Emmett
University of Pennsylvania

David Hofmann
Cherokee Nation

Jeffrey Kuhn
Kuhn Environmental

Alexander MacDonald
SanMan Designs

Peter Strauss
PM Strauss & Associates

Eric Uram
Sierra Club

 

Academia


David Bond
Bennington College

Daniela Castañeda
University of Colorado at Boulder

Michelle Crimi
Clarkson University

Chadi El Mohtar
The University of Texas at Austin

Jennifer Field
Oregon State University

Jennifer Guelfo
Texas Tech University

Megan Hart
University of Missouri Kansas City

Christopher Higgins
Colorado School of Mines

Eric Nuttall
University of New Mexico

Christopher Olivares
University of California – Irvine

Matt Reeves
Western Michigan Univ.

Timothy Schroeder
Bennington College

Mark Widdowson
Virginia Tech

Paul Yaroschak
Water & Environmental Technology Center, Temple University

Industry Affiliates


Stewart Abrams
Langan Engineering & Environmental Services

David Adamson
GSI Environmental Inc.

Jennifer Adler
Haley & Aldrich

Hannah Albertus-Benham
WSP

Ryan Andersen
LANGAN

Janet Anderson
GSI Environmental Inc.

Richard Anthony
Weston Solutions

Lydia Auner
TRC

Matthew Barvenik
GZA GeoEnvironmental, Inc.

Saamih Bashir
WSP

Buddy Bealer
Shell

Melissa Beauchemin
Kennedy/Jenks Consultants

Mark Benotti
NewFields

John Berry
ECT2

Amanda Bess
Chevron

Jeremy Birnstingl
Regenesis

Birgitta Beuthe
BP

Michael Bock
The Intelligence Group, LLC

Dorin Bogdan
AECOM

Francis Boodoo
Purolite

Andrew Borden
AECOM

Jenalle Brewer
Calgon Carbon Corporation

Steven Brown
The Dow Chemical Company

Cristin Bruce
Shell

Dan Bryant
Woodard & Curran

Bob Buck
Chemours

Karla Buechler
Enthalpy Analytical Laboratory

Scott Burkey
Shell

David Burns
OPEC Systems

Stuart Cagen
Shell

Barbara Campany
GHD

Paul Caprio
EA Engineering

Grant Carey
Porewater Solutions

David Carlson
Enterprise Environmental Advisors

Corey Carpenter
EKI Environment & Water, Inc.

Gwendoline Caviness
Exponent

Bharat Chandramouli
SGS North America

Dora Chiang
WSP

Sabina Chowdhury
BAH

Steve Clough
Haley & Aldrich (retired)

John Collins
AquaBlok

Jason Conder
Geosyntec Consultants

Pete Conwell
Shell

Eliot Cooper
Cascade

Jeff Cornell
Tehama LLC

Thomas Cortina
Cortina Environmental Consulting

Rick Cramer
Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc.

Kavitha Dasu
Battelle

Rula Deeb
Geosyntec Consultants

Todd DeJournett
Geosyntec

Elizabeth Denly
TRC

Nicholas DeRose
Langan Engineering & Environmental Services

Richard Desrosiers
GZA GeoEnvironmental, Inc.

Erica DiFilippo
S.S. Papadopulos & Associates, Inc.

William DiGuiseppi
Jacobs

Dina Drennan
BEM Systems, Inc.

Thomas Dunder
TRC

Scott Dwyer
Kleinfelder

Richard Evans
GES, Inc

David Favero
RACER Properties LLC

Jim Feild
WSP

Tony Finding
BSTI

Stephanie Fiorenza
Arcadis

Eric Forrester
Calgon Carbon Corporation

Cheryl Fountain
Tetra Tech

Jamie Fox
Enthalpy Analytical Laboratory

Justin Gal
Amec Foster Wheeler

Stephen Geiger
ERM

Bob Gensemer
GEI Consultants, Inc.

David Glaser
Anchor QEA, LLC

Arianne Godwin
Pinyon Environmental, Inc

Jessica Goin
Anchor QEA, LLC

Marat Goldenberg
Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc.

Sean Gormley
WSP

Heather Gosack
WSP

Scott Grieco
Jacobs

Daniel Griffiths
Parsons Corporation

Karen Gruebel
EKI Environment & Water

Chris Gurr
CDM Smith

Adam Hackenberg
Langan Engineering & Environmental Services

Nathan Hagelin
WSP

Jeffrey Hale
Kleinfelder

Linda Hall
DBA Linda C. Hall, PhD

Kris Hallinger
ERM

Ruth Hammervold
Brown and Caldwell

Melissa Harclerode
CDM Smith

Paul Hare
OBG

Ivy Harvey
EA Engineering, Science, Technology, Inc.

Elisabeth Hawley
Geosyntec

Ed Hawthorne
Shell

Ziqi He
HSW Engineering

Jennifer Heath
Heath Toxicology

Nanda Hermes
ERM

Jeffrey Holden
GEI Consultants, Inc.

Rebecca Hollender
TRC

Christopher Hook
Tetra Tech, Inc.

Chuck Hornaday
Vadose Remediation Technologies

Peggy Horst
W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc.

Erika Houtz
ect2

Brian Hoye
Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc.

Jane Huber
Metiri Group

Ryan Hultgren
Kennedy/Jenks

Gary Hunt
TRC

Craig Hutchings
Integral Consulting Inc.

Antone Jain
EKI Environment & Water

Thomas M. Johnson
Thomas Johnson Associates

Daniel Jones
AECOM

Purshotam Juriasingani
Tetra Tech, Inc.

Ellen Kaastrup
Kaastrup Consulting, LLC

Lisa Kammer
Weston Solutions, Inc.

Saroj Kandel
Civil & Environmental Consultants, Inc.

William Kerfoot
Kerfoot Technologies, Inc.

Trent Key
ExxonMobil

Eric Klinker
DuPont

Mat Knutson
Terracon

Stephen Koenigsberg
Montrose Environmental Group

Stephen Korzeniowski
BeachEdge Consulting

Ronald Kotun
Tetra Tech

Matt Kraus
Tetra Tech

Yasemin Kunukcu
Roux Associates

Matthew Lahvis
Shell

Johnsie Lang
Arcadis

Heather Lanza
CDM Smith

Laurie LaPat-Polasko
Ramboll Environ

Sarah LaRoe
Anchor QEA, LLC

Steven LaRosa
Weston & Sampson

Maureen Leahy
WSP

Nigel Lewis
HSW Engineering, Inc.

Shangtao Liang
AECOM

Jerry Lisiecki
Clean Harbors Environmental Services

Anne Lockard
Heritage Environmental Services

Linda Logan
Terraphase Engineering, Inc.

Kevin Long
Terraphase Engineering, Inc.

Heather Lutz
Geosyntec Consultants

Tamzen Macbeth
CDM Smith

Matt Machusick
Leidos

Sriram Madabhushi
BAH

Brian Mader
3M Company

Andrew Madison
WSP

Maria Magilton
EA Engineering, Science and Technology

Martha Maier
Montrose Environmental Group

Stefano Marconetto
WSP

Frank Marine
Texas Molecular

Robert Martin
Clean Earth

Matt Matteson
WSP

Chris McCarthy
Jacobs

Katrina McCullough
GHD

Lisa McIntosh
Woodard & Curran

Angus McGrath
Stantec

Patricia McIsaac
Eurofins

Jason McNew
EA Engineering, Science & Technology

Daniel Medina
AECOM

Dogus Meric
Geosyntec Consultants

Michael Mobile
GZA GeoEnvironmental, Inc.

Mahsa Modiri
EA Engineering, Science, & Technology

Joe Montello
Republic Services, Inc.

Rebecca Mora
AECOM

Austin Morgan
BEM Systems, Inc.

Teri Myers
CDM Smith

Jonathan Naile
Shell

Peter Nangeroni
Woodard & Curran

Charles Neslund
Eurofins

Hilary Nevis
Amec Foster Wheeler

John Newsted
OBG Company

Eric Nichols
Substrata LLC

Mark Nielsen
Ramboll

Ashley Nifong
GEL Labs

Mitchell Olson
Trihydro Corporation

Jeff Orient
Tetra Tech

Fernanda Paes Wilson
Fishbeck

Kanan Patel-Coleman
Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc.

Michael Penzo
Penzo Consulting

Stephen Pepper
Montrose Environmental Group

Ioana Petrisor
EnSafe

Jenny Phillips
TRC

Jeffrey Pintenich
Brown and Caldwell

Les Porterfield
TEA, Inc.

John Powell
HydroGeoLogic, Inc.

Fred Price
APMI

Emily Pulcher
Burns and McDonnell

Bob Pullano
GEL Laboratories

Joseph Quinnan
Arcadis

LeeAnn Racz
ToxStrategies

Francis Ramacciotti
GHD

Craig Redfern
APTIM

Stephen Rembish
Parsons Corporation

Cynthia Rhode
GHD

William Rish
ToxStrategies, Inc.

Christopher Ritchie
Ramboll

Harrison Roakes
Sanborn, Head & Associates, Inc.

Brian Roh
Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc.

Nancy Rothman
New Environmental Horizons, Inc.

Aaron Rydecki
WSP

Samantha Saalfield
EA Engineering

Andy Safulko
Brown and Caldwell

John Santacroce
Parsons Corporation

Nicholas Santella
BSTI

Christopher Schaupp
Neptune & Company

Dan Schneider
Terracon

Ron Schoff
Phoenix Pure Holdings LLC

Barrie Selcoe
Jacobs

Joe Seracuse
Brown and Caldwell

Michael Sieczkowski
JRW Bioremediation

David Silbaugh
Silbaugh Hydrogeological Svcs

Cannon Silver
CDM Smith

Lizanne Simmons
Kleinfelder

Brent Smith
Civil & Environmental Consultants

Zachary Smith
Verdantas LLC

Mike Solt
Langan Engineering & Environmental Services

Skyler Sorsby
WSP

Joseph Sposato
Pinyon Environmental, Inc.

Kendall St. Ange
TRC

Brent Stafford
Shell

Jamie Suski
EA Engineering

Ward Swanson
Barr Engineering Co.

Bob Symons
Eurofins Environment Testing, Australia

Sagar Thakali
AECOM

Ryan Thomas
Parsons Corporation

Shalene Thomas
Battelle Memorial Institute

Roy Thun
GHD

Derek Tomlinson
GEI Consultants, Inc.

Adam Tressler
ERM

Grant Trigger
RACER Properties LLC

Laura Trozzolo
TRC

Edward (Ted) Tyler
Stantec

Brad Varhol
EON Products

Usha Vedagiri
WSP

Chris Voci
Terraphase Engineering, Inc.

Lisa Voyce
HDR

Claudia Walecka-Hutchison
Dow, Inc.

Ying Wang
WSP

Rick Wice
Battelle Memorial Institute

Artie Wickham
BEM Systems, Inc.

Michael Wilken
The Dow Chemical Company

Jason Wilkinson
Ramboll Environ

Anna Willet
LANGAN

Scott Wilson
Regenesis

David Woodward
AMEC Foster Wheeler

Sandra Yi-Fuller
Shell

Rachel Zajac-Fay
Jacobs

Michael Zelenka
ExxonMobil

Stephen Zemba
Sanborn, Head & Associates, Inc.

Lesa Zimnawoda
BEM Systems

Jennifer Zorinsky
AECOM

Barry Zvibleman
Onion Enterprises PFOS-PFOA Treatment

International Team Members


Frank Berger
AECOM

Sarah Gewurtz
Environment and Climate Change Canada

Andrew Mitchell
Department of Defence (Australia)

Niall Ramsden
LASTFIRE

Updated September 2023.

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